PPSC Geography Past Paper 2025 Solved MCQs with Answers
Solved Geography MCQs from the PPSC 2025 past paper, each with the correct answer and a clear explanation. Ideal practice for PPSC, FPSC, NTS, CSS and PMS. All questions are extracted from the actual 2025 paper and verified before publication.
"Mother of Mist" is the name given to which mountain?
Rakaposhi in the Karakoram is called Mother of Mist, and rises to 7,788 metres in Nagar valley.
Talus cone is produced by what?
A talus cone is the fan of loose rock built up at the foot of a slope by rock fall.
Which city is known as the "Pearl of the Danube"?
Budapest, the Hungarian capital astride the Danube, is called the Pearl of the Danube.
The Gulf of Aqaba is located in which region?
The Gulf of Aqaba is the north eastern arm of the Red Sea, separating the Sinai from Arabia.
In which continent is the world-famous Sahara Desert located?
The Sahara, the world's largest hot desert, lies in Africa.
Pakistan shares a border with Iran of about how many kilometers?
Pakistan shares a border of about 909 to 910 km with Iran, along Balochistan.
Which country has Mount Elbrus as its highest peak?
Mount Elbrus in the Caucasus, at 5,642 metres, is the highest peak of Russia and of Europe.
What is the highest mountain of Africa?
Mount Kilimanjaro in Tanzania, at 5,895 metres, is the highest mountain in Africa.
Which country is landlocked?
Nepal is landlocked, enclosed between India and China.
Which country does not share a land boundary with any other country?
Cuba is an island state and shares no land boundary with any other country.
Where is the world's highest waterfall situated?
Angel Falls in Venezuela is the world's highest uninterrupted waterfall, dropping 979 metres.
Which line separates the Northern and Southern Hemispheres?
The Equator divides the earth into the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
On Sicily Island, which among the following is an active volcano?
Mount Etna on Sicily is the most active volcano in Europe.
What is the longitudinal extent of Pakistan?
Pakistan extends from about 60 degrees 52 minutes East to 77 degrees 50 minutes East.
Asia and Europe are separated by which mountain range?
The Ural Mountains form the conventional boundary between Asia and Europe.
From which of the following does the Jhelum River originate?
The Jhelum rises from the Verinag spring in the Kashmir valley.
Which of the following is Pakistan's largest coal resource?
Tharparkar in Sindh holds Pakistan's largest coal reserves, among the biggest lignite deposits in the world.
Quetta is connected with the Sindh Plain by which pass?
The Bolan Pass connects Quetta with the plains of Sindh, and has long been a route between Central Asia and the subcontinent.
Which two water bodies does the Panama Canal connect?
The Panama Canal connects the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
Between which latitudes does Pakistan lie?
Pakistan lies between about 23 degrees 30 minutes North and 37 degrees North.
Near which city does the Upper Indus Plain end?
The Upper Indus Plain ends near Mithankot, where the Panjnad joins the Indus.
On which river is Diamer-Basha Dam constructed?
Diamer-Bhasha Dam is being built on the Indus in Gilgit-Baltistan.
The lifeline of agriculture in Pakistan is known as which dam?
Tarbela Dam on the Indus stores the water that sustains Pakistan's irrigated agriculture, and is the world's largest earth-filled dam.
In which province of Pakistan is Kharan Desert located?
The Kharan Desert lies in Balochistan, and the 1998 nuclear tests were conducted nearby.
What is the highest plateau of the world?
The Tibetan Plateau, averaging over 4,500 metres, is the highest and largest plateau on earth.
Which river flows beneath Westminster Bridge?
Westminster Bridge in London crosses the River Thames.
In the north of the Himalayas, which mountain range is located?
The Karakoram range lies to the north of the Himalayas, and contains K2.
In which city of Spain is Al-Hamra Palace located?
The Alhambra palace stands at Granada in southern Spain, the finest surviving monument of Muslim Spain.
A place surrounded by water on all sides is called what?
A body of land surrounded by water on all sides is an island.
Dir and Chitral are connected by which pass?
The Lowari Pass connects Dir with Chitral, and is now supplemented by the Lowari tunnel.
At which place does the Indus River meet with the Kabul River?
The Kabul River joins the Indus at Attock.
Niagara Falls is located between which places?
Niagara Falls lies on the border between the United States and Canada.
What is the capital city of Argentina?
Buenos Aires is the capital of Argentina.
Often called the 3rd Pole of the world, which mountain range is it?
The Hindu Kush Himalayan range is called the Third Pole, holding the largest body of ice outside the polar regions.
Water from the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers mixes to form which sea?
The Amu Darya and Syr Darya once fed the Aral Sea, which has shrunk drastically since their water was diverted for irrigation.
Which mountain range is the oldest, around 400 million years old?
The Caledonian mountains, formed about 400 million years ago, are among the oldest ranges on earth.
Pebbles found along a riverbed are called?
Pebbles and other material laid down by a river are called alluvial deposits, or alluvium.
In Punjab (Pakistan), which river does not flow?
The Beas does not flow through Pakistan. Under the Indus Waters Treaty it was allotted to India, along with the Ravi and Sutlej.
What does monsoon refer to?
The monsoon is the seasonal reversal of wind direction, bringing the rains of summer to South Asia.
The Soan and the Haro are the two rivers of which area?
The Soan and the Haro are the two principal rivers of the Pothohar Plateau.
In which country is the world's largest coral reef, The Great Barrier Reef, located?
The Great Barrier Reef, the world's largest coral reef system, lies off the coast of Queensland in Australia.
In Pakistan's south-west region, tectonic plates meet in which ocean?
The plate boundary off Pakistan's south west coast lies in the Indian Ocean, where the Arabian and Eurasian plates meet.
Ozone gas is primarily contained in which layer of the atmosphere?
The ozone layer is concentrated in the stratosphere, where it absorbs most ultraviolet radiation.
The Rocky Mountains are located in which continent?
The Rocky Mountains run through western North America.
Which is the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan?
The Pashtun are the largest ethnic group in Afghanistan.
Satpara Lake and Phandar Valley are situated in which region of Pakistan?
Satpara Lake near Skardu and Phandar Valley are both in Gilgit-Baltistan.
The Pothohar Plateau and Salt Range in Pakistan are primarily located between which two rivers?
The Pothohar Plateau and the Salt Range lie between the Indus and the Jhelum.
Chaj Doab lies between which two rivers?
Chaj Doab lies between the Jhelum and the Chenab, its name formed from the two rivers.
The water of which river flows through China, India, and Bangladesh?
The Brahmaputra rises in Tibet, flows through China and India, and enters Bangladesh where it is called the Jamuna.
Convectional rainfall usually occurs in?
Convectional rainfall occurs where intense heating lifts moist air, which is why it is typical of equatorial regions.
The world's largest lake is?
The Caspian Sea is the largest lake in the world by area, though its water is saline.
The Bara River rises in the Tirah Valley of Bara Tehsil, Khyber District. It merges into the?
The Bara River rises in the Tirah valley and merges into the Kabul River.
What is another name for K2?
K2 is also called Mount Godwin-Austen, after the surveyor Henry Godwin-Austen.
In which province of Pakistan is Thal located?
The Thal desert lies in Punjab, between the Indus and the Jhelum.
Greenwich is situated in?
Greenwich, which gives its name to the prime meridian, is in London.
The Hindu Kush range joins the Pamir plateau in which general direction relative to the Hindu Kush?
The Hindu Kush meets the Pamir plateau to the north.
Which country is called the "Land of a Thousand Lakes"?
Finland is called the Land of a Thousand Lakes, though it has over 180,000.
What is the local wind called that blows from the sea toward the land?
A wind blowing from the sea towards the land during the day is a sea breeze, caused by the land heating faster than the water.
Which winds influence Punjab, Pakistan, in winter?
Western Disturbances bring Punjab its winter rainfall, arriving as low pressure systems from the Mediterranean.
Which is the most productive agricultural region of Pakistan?
The Indus Basin is the most productive agricultural region of Pakistan, supported by the world's largest contiguous irrigation system.
Which country is situated to the east of Pakistan?
India lies to the east of Pakistan.
What is the capital of Bulgaria?
Sofia is the capital of Bulgaria.
What is the highest peak in the Himalayan range of Pakistan?
Nanga Parbat, at 8,126 metres, is the highest peak of the Himalayan range within Pakistan and the ninth highest in the world.
In what place is Derawar Fort situated?
Derawar Fort stands in the Cholistan Desert of Bahawalpur district.
What does K2 stand for?
K2 means Karakoram 2, the survey designation given when the peak was measured.
What is the largest desert in Pakistan?
The Thar is the largest desert of Pakistan, extending into India as the Great Indian Desert.
What is the country that produces the most uranium?
Kazakhstan is the world's largest producer of uranium.
The only ruler of India who received the Caliph's recognition was?
Iltutmish was the only ruler of India to receive formal recognition from the Abbasid Caliph, which legitimised the Delhi Sultanate.
Which mountain is the third highest in the world?
Kangchenjunga, at 8,586 metres, is the third highest mountain in the world.
In which region is the world's driest desert located?
The Atacama, the driest desert on earth, lies in South America along the coast of Chile and Peru.
Which river is the national river of Pakistan?
The Indus is the national river of Pakistan.
In what place is the Blue Mosque located?
The Blue Mosque, formally the Sultan Ahmed Mosque, stands in Istanbul.
In Iran, what is the karez also called?
The underground irrigation channel called karez in Balochistan is known as qanat in Iran.
What is Pakistan's overall climate like?
Pakistan's overall climate is hot and dry, most of the country being arid or semi-arid.
Mount Mitchell is the highest peak of which mountain range?
Mount Mitchell in North Carolina is the highest peak of the Appalachian Mountains.
Which is the biggest salt mine in Pakistan?
The Khewra Salt Mine in the Salt Range is the largest in Pakistan and the second largest in the world.
At which pole is the Arctic located?
The Arctic lies at the North Pole. The Antarctic is at the South Pole.
What is the average elevation range of the Lesser Himalayas?
The Lesser Himalayas rise on average between about 2,000 and 4,500 metres.
Baglihar Dam is situated on which river?
Baglihar Dam, built by India, stands on the Chenab in Jammu and Kashmir and has been a matter of dispute under the Indus Waters Treaty.
Which headworks are on the River Ravi?
Sidhnai and Balloki are the headworks on the River Ravi.
In which country is Mount Tambora, the site of one of the largest volcanic eruptions in recorded history in 1815, located?
Mount Tambora in Indonesia erupted in 1815, the largest eruption in recorded history, causing the year without a summer.
The Sub-Himalayas is also known as?
The Sub-Himalayas are also called the Siwalik Range, the outermost and lowest of the Himalayan ranges.
What is the largest river in the world by volume?
The Amazon carries a greater volume of water than any other river, discharging about a fifth of the world's river flow.
The Kirthar Range is situated between which two provinces of Pakistan?
The Kirthar Range forms the boundary between Sindh and Balochistan.
In which country is Maya Bay Beach located?
Maya Bay, made famous by the film The Beach, is in Thailand.
What country is situated to the west of Pakistan?
Iran lies to the west of Pakistan.
Large iron ore deposits in Pakistan are found in?
Large iron ore deposits have been proved at Chiniot in Punjab, a major discovery. The largest known reserves remain those at Kalabagh, though of lower grade.
What is the highest temperature ever recorded in Antarctica?
The highest temperature recorded in Antarctica is 18.3 degrees Celsius, measured at the Esperanza base in 2020.
In which city is Moulin Rouge located?
The Moulin Rouge cabaret is in Paris.
Kashgar is a city of which country?
Kashgar is a city of Xinjiang in China, and the Karakoram Highway links it to Pakistan.
The Palaearctic and Oriental regions are divided by?
The Himalayas divide the Palaearctic region to the north from the Oriental region to the south.
Which is the oldest barrage on the Indus River?
The Sukkur Barrage, completed in 1932, is the oldest barrage on the Indus.
What indicates the relationship between distance on a map and the actual distance on the ground?
The scale of a map expresses the relationship between distance on the map and the corresponding distance on the ground.
About the PPSC Geography Past Paper 2025
Every MCQ above is taken from the Punjab Public Service Commission (PPSC) Geography papers held in 2025, with the correct answer and a written explanation for each. Past-paper practice is the most dependable way to prepare for PPSC, FPSC, NTS, CSS and PMS, because these papers repeat their themes, and often the questions themselves, from one year to the next.
Questions were checked against reliable sources before publication. Where a circulating source sheet carried a factual or wording error, we corrected it rather than reproducing the mistake. For chapter-wise preparation, work through our World Geography MCQs hub, which also lists every other year’s paper. Further reading: Pakistan Movement and the PPSC official website.
How to Use This Paper
Attempt the full quiz before looking at any answer, then read the explanation for every question you got wrong, including those you guessed correctly. A past paper is only useful if you close the gaps it exposes. Pro members can download the complete paper as a PDF with all answers and explanations for offline revision.