Asif Mastoi

Quick Facts Quiz Mode Download Study Sheet Quick Revision: USSR / Russia History High-yield facts spanning from the Tsarist Empire to the Modern Russian Federation. The Russian Revolution occurred in the year 1917. Russia was converted from a kingdom to an empire by Peter the Great in 1721. Catherine the Great (Catherine II) ruled Russia from 1762-1796. The notorious character with influence over the royal family was Grigori Rasputin. The March 1917 revolution against Tsar Nicholas II was the February Revolution. The Bolshevik Revolution is also known as the October Revolution. The Bolshevik Revolution is referred to as the Red Revolution. The Father of the Russian revolution is considered to be Lenin. The Bolshevik revolution took place in Russia. The USSR existed during the years 1922-1991. Vladimir Lenin translated the political work The Communist Manifesto. The Soviet Union was formed in 1922 under the leadership of Vladimir Lenin. The USSR was primarily influenced by the ideology of Communism. The first president of the USSR was Vladimir Lenin (1922-1924). The leader who served as president of the USSR from 1924 to 1952 was Joseph Stalin. Nikita Khrushchev was the USSR leader during the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962. Nikita Khrushchev served as president of the USSR from 1952 to 1964. Leonid Brezhnev served as president of the USSR from 1964 to 1985. The last president of the USSR was Mikhail Gorbachev. Communists are called Reds because the colour of their flag is red. The history of class struggle theory is related to Karl Marx. Leo Tolstoy, author of *Anna Karenina* and *War and Peace*, was a Great Novelist from Russia. The Lenin prize started in 1925. The purpose of the Marshal plan in 1948 was Foreign aid to western Europe. The treaty signed in 1949 to counter USSR forces was NATO (and Washington Treaty). The host member of the Warsaw Pact was Poland. Russia signed the Warsaw Pact in the year 1955. The Warsaw Pact was dissolved in 1991. The Berlin Wall was created in Aug 1961 to Prevent its population from escaping East Berlin. The Prime Minister of the USSR at the time of the Tashkent Agreement was Kosygin. In December 1979, the Soviet Union invaded Afghanistan. The Geneva Accord was signed during the tenure of Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev. The Geneva Accord was signed in the year 1988. Mikhail Gorbachev started the movement for reforming called Perestroika and Glasnost in 1985. The Soviet Union was replaced by the Russian Federation in December, 1991. The Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) was established on December 8, 1991. The treaty associated with the dissolution of the USSR (1991) is the Belovezha Accords. The primary purpose of the Warsaw Pact (1955) was a Military alliance among Eastern Block countries. Armenia was NOT one of the founding republics of the Soviet Union in 1922. The term ‘Iron Curtain’ was popularized by leader Winston Churchill. Nikita Khrushchev initiated the policy of ‘De-Stalinization’ in the 1950s. The USSR disintegrated into 15 states in 1991. The Soviet Union collapsed due to factors including Nationalism (as stated in the source). Chechnya declared its independence in 1991 from the USSR. Russia annexed the Crimean Peninsula from Ukraine in 2014. Ukrainian President Vladmir Zelensky was previously a Comedian. In which city of Russia St. Basil’s Cathedral is located? Moscow. The Open Skies treaty was signed in 1992. The Zircon hypersonic cruise missile was tested by Russia. Scientists from Russia deployed a giant telescope underwater for the first time. The Bosnia & Herzegovina referendum for independence occurred in 1992. The first president of the Russian Republic was Boris Yeltsin (1991-1999). Russia attacked and annexed territory from Georgia in 2008. The famous space station in Kazakhstan originally built by the USSR is Baikonur Cosmodrome. The Chernobyl nuclear incident occurred in Ukraine, 1986. USSR / Russia History Quiz Download Study Sheet Score: 0 / 55

Quick Facts Quiz Mode Download Study Sheet Quick Revision: Ottoman Empire & Türkiye High-yield facts regarding the Ottoman period, its key figures, and the modern Turkish state. The Ottoman Empire was established in the year 1299. The Battle of Ankars (Ankara) took place in 1402. The Battle of Ankara was fought between Timur and Sultan Bayezid I. The Ottoman Empire was founded by Osman I. Sultan Muhammad Fateh (Mehmed II) conquered Constantinople on 29 May 1453. The Caliphate was established in the Ottoman Empire after defeating the Mamluks in 1517. The tenure of Suleiman the Magnificent was from 1520 to 1566. The period during which Hungary was under Ottoman rule was 1541 to 1699. Hungary remained under Ottoman control for 158 years. The Crimean War began on October 5, 1853. The Crimean War involved Tsar Nicholas I of Russia and Sultan Abdulmejid I. The primary result of the Crimean War for the Ottomans was the rise of Ottoman nationalism. Turkey became known as the “Sick Man of Europe” around 1876. The Young Turk Revolution took place in 1908. Sultan Abdulhamid II was weakened after the Young Turk Revolution. The initial center of the Ottoman Empire was Bursa. The Ottoman Sultanate was abolished on 1st November 1922. When was the Ottoman Caliphate abolished? 3rd March 1924. The last Sultan of the Ottoman Sultanate was Mehmed VI. The last Caliph of the Ottoman Caliphate was Abdulmejid II. The civil government of Turkey was formed in 1923. The institution of Caliphate was abolished by Mustafa Jamal Ataturk. The fragmentation of the Ottoman empire was largely under the Treaty of Sèvres. The conquest of Constantinople in 1453 marks the start of the Modern Era. The Battle of Chaldiran (1514) was fought against the Safavid Empire. The Military commander of Sultan Abdul Hameed (II) was Hassan Pasha. Prior to the 19th century, the Ottoman Empire’s main rival was Russia. The Treaty of Lausanne of 1923 served as the Base to form modern Turkey. Hagia Sophia was built by the Romans (Byzantines). Hagia Sophia is located in Turkey. The Sultan Ahmed Mosque of Istanbul is also called the Blue Mosque. The political party of President Erdoğan is the Justice and Development Party. President Erdoğan was fond of Football in his young age. Which foreign leader addressed the Parliament of Pakistan for the third time? Tayyip Erdogan. The writer of Turkish drama “Diriliş: Ertuğrul” is Mehmet Bozdağ. The primary elite military unit of Christian boys converted to Islam were the Janissaries. The Ottoman Empire officially entered World War 1 in 1914. The capital of the Ottoman Empire before Constantinople (1453) was Edirne. The last holder of the Prime Minister post in Turkey was Binali Yıldırım. The post of Prime Minister of Turkey was abolished in 2018. Turkey officially changed its name to Türkiye on June 1, 2022. Ottoman Empire & Türkiye Quiz Download PDF Score: 0 / 41

1. What does “Big History” refer to? Answer: History from Big Bang till present 2. Dinosaurs existed on Earth from 60 million to 180 million years ago. They are the largest: Answer: Coldblooded-reptiles 3. The age of the Pyramid at Giza is almost Answer: 5000 Years 4. Which of the following is not a primary drive? Answer: Affection 5. Which of the following is the oldest written language? Answer: Cambodian 6. Which era is called Modern History? Answer: Era of Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution 7. Earliest humans who started walking on two feet are known as Answer: Bipedal 8. Homo Erectus is early human beings found in Java 9. What is the oldest occupation of the man? Agriculture 10. What was the first metal discovered by humans? Copper 11. First Technology of man on the earth is Use of Fire 12. Bronze era started from which country? Egypt 13. Mesopotamia word originated from Sumerian 14. Mesopotamia is the ancient name of Iraq 15. Which ancient Mesopotamian king is known for his code of laws? Hammurabi 16. Mesopotamia means land between the two: Rivers 17. First underground drainage system was introduced by which civilization? Indus Valley Civilization 18. Which era marked the first use of tools and human migration from Africa? Stone Age 19. During which period did humans invent the wheel and metal working? Bronze Age 20. The Iron Age introduced which of the following? Written systems and steel 21. Ancient Greece contributed to which of the following fields? Democracy and philosophy 22. The Persian Empire practiced which religion before Islam? Zoroastrianism 23. What was the main cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire? Practices from Greece and Rome 24. The Middle Ages began after the fall of which empire? Roman Empire 25. The Renaissance is often referred to as a: Cultural “rebirth” 26. Which movement redefined Christianity and challenged the Catholic Church? Protestant Reformation 27. The Enlightenment is also known as the: Age of Reason 28. The First Industrial Revolution began in which year? 1760 29. Which period saw the French Revolution and the American Revolution? Revolutionary Period 30. The Victorian Era is associated with the reign of which monarch? Victoria I 31. The Second Industrial Revolution is also referred to as the: Technological Revolution 32. Which event marked the beginning of World War I? Assassination of Archduke Ferdinand 33. Which period is also known as the Information Age? Contemporary Period 34. The two main rivers of Mesopotamia are: Euphrates, Tigris 35. What does the term “Cradle of Civilization” refer to? Mesopotamia 36. The local people of Mesopotamia were referred to as: Yazidi 37. The Fertile Crescent is associated with which civilization? Mesopotamian 38. Mesopotamian civilization belongs to which age? Neolithic 39. The Sumerian civilization was located in: Iraq 40. Which metal was predominantly used in the Sumerian civilization? Bronze 41. What is significant about Sumerian civilization? Oldest written records 42. Surena was a notable leader of which empire? Parthian 43. Surena achieved a notable victory against: Romans 44. In honor of Surena, what was created in modern Iran? A robot 45. The famous city of Carthage is located in which country? Tunisia 46. Bakht Nasr was from which country? Babylon 47. Which king destroyed the Israelites? Bakht Nasr 48. Who is referred to as the King of Egypt? Pharaoh 49. Julius Caesar was a politician and general of: Italy 50. Who was Cleopatra? A Queen of ancient Egypt 51. The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern part of which historical empire? Roman Empire 52. Constantinople fell into the hands of the Muslims in: 1453 53. Colosseum, was built in: Rome 54. Who is the Greek god of war? Ares 55. Alexander the great was the king of: Macedonia 56. When was Socrates born in Greece? 469 B.C 57. In which year did Socrates die? 399 BC   “Big History” refers to the History from Big Bang till present. Dinosaurs, which existed 60 to 180 million years ago, are the largest Coldblooded-reptiles. The age of the Pyramid at Giza is almost 5000 Years. Affection is not considered a primary drive. The oldest written language is Cambodian. The era called Modern History refers to the Era of Enlightenment, Reason, and Industrial Revolution. The earliest humans who started walking on two feet are known as Bipedal. Homo Erectus are early human beings found in Java. The oldest occupation of man is Agriculture. The first metal discovered by humans was Copper. The First Technology of man on earth is the Use of Fire. The Bronze era started from Egypt. The word Mesopotamia originated from Sumerian. Mesopotamia is the ancient name of Iraq. The ancient Mesopotamian king known for his code of laws is Hammurabi. Mesopotamia means land between the two Rivers. The first underground drainage system was introduced by the Indus Valley Civilization. The Stone Age marked the first use of tools and human migration from Africa. Humans invented the wheel and metal working during the Bronze Age. The Iron Age introduced written systems and steel. Ancient Greece contributed to the fields of Democracy and philosophy. The Persian Empire practiced Zoroastrianism before Islam. The main cultural influence of the Byzantine Empire was practices from Greece and Rome. The Middle Ages began after the fall of the Roman Empire. The Renaissance is often referred to as a Cultural “rebirth”. The movement that redefined Christianity and challenged the Catholic Church was the Protestant Reformation. The Enlightenment is also known as the Age of Reason. The First Industrial Revolution began in the year 1760. The Revolutionary Period saw the French Revolution and the American Revolution. The Victorian Era is associated with the reign of Victoria I. The Second Industrial Revolution is also referred to as the Technological Revolution. The assassination of Archduke Ferdinand marked the beginning of World War I. The Contemporary Period is also known as the Information Age. The two main rivers of Mesopotamia are the Euphrates and Tigris. The term “Cradle of Civilization” refers to Mesopotamia. The local people of Mesopotamia were referred … Read more